Resumo Recheios de biscoito de cinco marcas comerciais brasileiras foram avaliados quanto a teor de lipídios, composição em ácidos graxos, atividade de água, diâmetro médio e distribuição do tamanho de partícula, aspecto morfológico, textura (firmeza e adesividade), além de avaliação sensorial, por teste de aceitação, quanto aos atributos: sabor global, sabor de morango, cor, arenosidade, cerosidade e firmeza. Os cinco recheios comerciais avaliados apresentam valores de atividade de água de 0,47 a 0,50. Apenas um diferiu quanto ao tamanho de partícula, apresentando o maior diâmetro médio e a menor aceitação da arenosidade. Quanto à firmeza, houve maior variação entre as marcas comerciais (37,41 a 124,04 gf), assim como na composição em ácidos graxos, indicando diferentes fontes lipídicas nas gorduras destinadas aos recheios. O teor médio de lipídios encontrado, 27,5%, está próximo ao da literatura, de 30%; porém, de acordo com a composição em ácidos graxos, o valor médio de ácidos graxos trans encontrado indica que a indústria pode estar realmente reduzindo os teores desses ácidos graxos, não obstante os valores de ácidos graxos saturados ainda mostrarem-se altos.

Abstract The fillings of five Brazilian brands of sandwich cookies were evaluated for their lipid content, fatty acid composition, water activity, average diameter and particle size distribution, morphological appearance, texture (firmness and adhesiveness) and sensory acceptance for the attributes of: overall flavour, strawberry flavour, colour, grittiness, waxiness and firmness. The five commercial fillings showed values for water activity of from 0.47 to 0.50. Only one sample differed in particle size, presenting a larger mean diameter and lower acceptance due to grittiness. There was greater variation in firmness between the commercial brands (from 37.41 to 124.04 gf) as well as in the fatty acid composition, indicating that the fats used in the fillings came from different lipid sources. The average lipid content was 27.5%, which was close to the value found in the literature of 30%. With respect to the fatty acid composition, the average value for trans fatty acids indicated that the industries were really reducing the levels of these fatty acids, but the amounts of saturated fatty acids were still high.

Abstract Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops and produces a high-quality edible oil. Balance of fatty acids in standard sunflower oil shows preponderance of linoleic rather than oleic acid, and conditions during seed development, such as temperature, changes the oleic/linoleic ratio of the oil. This work aimed to evaluate the environmental effect on fatty acid profile in a group of standard and high oleic varieties and hybrids. Seeds were produced during regular season crop and during off-season crop featuring different temperatures from anthesis to maturity. Fatty-acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Levels of oleic acid, in standard oil genotypes, raised as the crop developed in warmer environment while levels of linoleic acid decreased, and the opposite was observed when the crop was grown under lower temperature. High oleic genotypes were less sensitive to environment switching and showed lower variation on fatty-acid composition.

The present study had the purpose of evaluating the profile of fatty acids and the total alteration of cottonseed, sunflower and palm oils brought about during discontinued frying processes of cassava frozen chips. An increase in the percentage of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed, regardless of the type of oil used. With regard to the oil's global alteration, the results showed that palm oil, the most saturated one, underwent less alteration. However, none of the oils presented total polar compound values above the limits prescribed.

Amêndoas cruas de Sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Camb.) colhidas no Brasil foram analisadas para se determinar a composição centesimal, o perfil de aminoácidos de suas proteínas, a digestibilidade protéica in vitro e a presença de fatores antinutricionais, para avaliar o seu potencial como complemento alimentar protéico. As amêndoas apresentaram quantidades adequadas de aminoácidos essenciais, ácidos graxos e minerais; no entanto, baixo teor de fibra foi observado. No presente estudo, a presença de lectinas ou inibidores de proteinases, quando detectada, apresentou baixos níveis. A digestibilidade in vitro de globulinas, in natura ou aquecidas, por proteinases digestivas de mamíferos foi realizada utilizando-se tripsina + quimotripsina + peptidase, obtendo-se valores aproximados de 71,5 e 73,5%, respectivamente. Estes resultados sugerem que as amêndoas de sapucaia podem ser utilizadas como complemento alimentar de proteínas, sendo um potencial agente nutricional.

Sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Camb.) raw nuts collected from Brazil were analyzed to determine the proximate composition, amino acid profile of protein fractions, in vitro protein digestibility and antinutritional factors in order to evaluate their potential as a protein alimentary complement. The nuts contained adequate amounts of essential amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. In the present study, no hemagglutinating or inhibitory activities were observed in any of the samples investigated, indicating low or non-detectable levels of proteinase inhibitors or lectins in the samples. In vitro digestibility of in natura and heated nut globulins by mammalian digestive proteinases was carried out using trypsin + chymotrypsin + peptidase, with resulting mean values of approximately 70.30 and 71.35%, respectively. Taken together, the results suggest that sapucaia nuts may provide a new source of protein to use as a potential nutritional agent.

Estudos sobre composição de alimentos largamente consumidos pela população são fundamentais para estabelecer se uma determinada dieta é adequada em relação aos nutrientes essenciais. No presente trabalho, são apresentados resultados de análises de nutrientes realizadas em dietas representativas do consumo alimentar de trabalhadores de indústria de autopeças da cidade de São Paulo (homens de 19 a 56 anos), coletadas a partir da porção em duplicata de todos os alimentos e bebidas consumidos durante 3 dias consecutivos. Foram determinados os teores de proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, cinza, umidade, fibras alimentares e vitaminas B1, B2 e piridoxina em 24 dietas. Comparando-se os resultados obtidos com as novas recomendações (DRIs), verificou-se que as dietas dos trabalhadores atingiram adequação de 100% em carboidratos e 96% em proteínas e lipídeos. Em relação às fibras dietéticas, as dietas foram inadequadas, com apenas 4,2% de adequação. Todas as dietas foram adequadas em vitaminas B1 e B2, enquanto que 58% das dietas foram inadequadas em relação à piridoxina.

The analysis of food consumed by a large part of the population is important to establish the nutritional composition of diets to verify if diets are adequate regarding essential nutrients. In the present study, diet analysis results of steel industry workers´ dietary consumption are presented. Workers from 19 to 56 years old were selected and their diets were collected by a duplicate portion technique, including all the meals and beverages consumed over 3 consecutive days. The content of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, ash, humidity, fiber, vitamins B1 and B2 and piridoxine were determined in 24 diet samples. Comparing the results with the values set by the new dietary recommendation dietary intakes (DRIs), it was observed that the workers´ diets were 100% adequate in carbohydrates and 96% in proteins and lipids. However, dietetic fiber content of the diets was considered inadequate (only 4.2% of adequacy). All the diets were adequate in B1 and B2 vitamins, while 58% of the diets were inadequate in terms of piridoxine.